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The grain, similar to human fingerprints, is unique to each individual hide. It
is the hallmark of full grain leather hides and can vary from hide to hide or even
within one particular hide.
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Brand marks, or fire brands, are used as identification marks and are part of virtually
every hide.
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Stretch marks occur as a result of giving birth and become a permanent marking on
the cow.
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Scratch marks are the result of the cow’s unsheltered life and evidence that the
hide is indeed top grain. Hides with fewer scratch marks are usually more expensive,
but the marks do not affect strength or durability. Typical healed scars include
those caused by insect/tick bites and barbed wire marks.
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Wrinkles occur naturally in the loose skin around the neck and belly of all cows.
The skin must be loose to allow the needed flexibility for grazing and overall growth.
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Natural furrows appear along the backbone of all hides due to the animal’s physiology.
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Scars caused by the abundance of insect and/or tick bites. Typically, these scars
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